SS-31

Summary

SS-31 (elamipretide) is a mitochondria-targeting peptide investigated for its ability to reduce oxidative stress and improve mitochondrial function across multiple organ systems ^[2,3]. In preclinical models it suppressed ferroptosis and maintained iron homeostasis in hypoxia/reoxygenation cardiomyocytes ^[1], ameliorated experimental kidney disease ^[2], attenuated LPS-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and memory impairment while supporting BDNF signaling in mice ^[3], and mitigated bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis ^[4]. The cited evidence is predominantly from animal and cell models, and the review on kidney disease notes that clinical evidence remains limited and the mechanism unclear ^[2]. Human interventional data are sparse, so therapeutic benefit in patients is not yet established by these sources.

Sources

1. 1. SS-31@Fer-1 Alleviates ferroptosis in hypoxia/reoxygenation cardiomyocytes via mitochondrial targeting Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie, 2025.
2. 2. SS-31, a Mitochondria-Targeting Peptide, Ameliorates Kidney Disease Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity, 2022.
3. 3. Elamipretide (SS-31) improves mitochondrial dysfunction, synaptic and memory impairment induced by lipopolysaccharide in mice Journal of neuroinflammation, 2019.
4. 4. SS-31: A promising therapeutic agent against bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in Mice PloS one, 2025.

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