PEP-0078Investigational

THYMOSIN ALPHA-1

Also known as

THYMOSIN ALPHA-1 is catalogued in the Peptides Pub research index, with coverage focused on Metabolic health.

Evidence

Moderate· 7.4

Multiple human trials, mixed outcomes

Risk band

Moderate

Known AEs, monitoring advised

Research goals

Metabolic health

Summary

Thymosin alpha-1 (Tα1) is a synthetic immunomodulatory peptide administered subcutaneously that restores immune function by stimulating T-cell differentiation and thymic output and by modulating dendritic cell and macrophage activity [2]. In controlled trials for chronic hepatitis B and C, combination of Tα1 with interferon-alpha 2b improved ALT normalization rates versus interferon or placebo, and it is well tolerated with mostly local injection-site irritation [1]. Reviewed clinical studies in sepsis suggest single or combined Tα1 reduced mortality and secondary infections, though sepsis heterogeneity limits generalizability [3]. A systematic review and meta-analysis found Tα1 added to routine care for acute exacerbations of COPD improved immune markers (CD4+ counts, CD4+/CD8+ ratio), arterial blood gases, and shortened hospital stay, while calling for more high-quality RCTs [4]. Evidence supports use mainly as an adjuvant therapy in specific conditions rather than a broadly established standalone treatment [3,4].

Sources

  1. 1. Thymosin alpha-1 American journal of health-system pharmacy : AJHP : official journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, 2001.
  2. 2. Aging and Thymosin Alpha-1 International journal of molecular sciences, 2025.
  3. 3. Thymosin alpha 1 treatment for patients with sepsis Expert opinion on biological therapy, 2018.
  4. 4. Thymosin Alpha 1 Plus Routine Treatment for the Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan : JCPSP, 2024.

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